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The Referencing@Portsmouth interactive guide helps you to reference your sources correctly. Please read our overview page before using this service.

苹果熊猫加速器app下载 The Referencing@Portsmouth interactive guide helps you reference sources correctly based on published style guides and local practice.

Which Reference Style Should I Use?

Most departments at Portsmouth use the APA 6th ed. style. APA 7th edition has been published, but students using APA must continue to use the 6th edition. Do not use the 7th edition.

Exceptions include:

If writing about law, or for a qualifying law degree, and asked for footnotes use the OSCOLA style
The School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences uses the Vancouver style
History units taught in the School of Area Studies, History, Politics and Literature use the Chicago 16th ed. style. Guidance is available from The Chicago Manual of Style Online.
Biology related subjects use a slightly altered version of the APA style

Check your course/unit handbook if unsure.

Select a reference source from the dropdown and optionally a specific style & media.

Source:

Style:

Media:

or browse the Table of Contents

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To give intellectual credit to your source
To help your reader recover your source easily
To avoid being accused of plagiarism

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Do not list sources that are merely mentioned in the work you have seen
Only include in your reference list what you refer to in your text
There will not be guidance for every type or variation of a source - if you need help, contact us
See our Referencing Guides for information on using the styles and more examples.